نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Goods and currency smuggling, as one of the most significant manifestations of economic crime, affects not only financial interests but also economic security, public order, and social trust. Within this context, explaining the criminological nature of goods and currency smuggling offenses and revisiting the foundations of their criminalization constitute both a theoretical and a practical necessity. This article aims to analyze the criminological nature of goods and currency smuggling offenses and to elucidate the principal grounds for their criminalization, including the protection of the right to security, the safeguarding of fundamental values, and the normative role of criminalization in defining acceptable and prohibited patterns of conduct. The research employs a descriptive-analytical method based on library research. The findings indicate that goods and currency smuggling possesses a distinctive criminological character. Despite its low visibility, it is associated with a high degree of blameworthiness and a substantial dark figure of crime. Furthermore, due to its dynamic nature and broad scope of risk, it constitutes a structural threat to economic security and economic order. A proper understanding of the criminological nature of goods and currency smuggling is therefore a prerequisite for developing coherent and legitimate grounds for criminalization and for formulating an effective criminal policy in this field. Such a policy can contribute to the preservation of fundamental values and public security while ensuring the effective prevention and sustainable control of this criminal phenomenon.
کلیدواژهها English